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常用臨床醫(yī)學術語

發(fā)布時間:2022-10-05 19:51:25來源:魔方格


(資料圖)

  “臨床”即“親臨病床”之意,臨床醫(yī)學是研究疾病的病因、診斷、治療和預后,提高臨床治療水平,促進人體健康的科學。

  diseases 疾病

  infectious diseases 傳染病

  inherited diseases 遺傳病

  malignant diseases惡性病

  nutritional diseases 營養(yǎng)病

  occupation diseases 職業(yè)病

  organic diseases 器質性病

  paroxysmal diseases 陣發(fā)性病

  periodical diseases 周期病

  acute diseases 急性病

  cardiac massage 心臟按摩

  cardiac pacing 心臟起博

  electrotherapy 電療法

  electroshock treatment 電休克療法

  hemodialysis 血液透析

  hyperbaric therapy 高壓氧療法

  insulin-shock treatment 胰島素休克療法

  light therapy 光療法

  therapeutic gymnastics 醫(yī)療體育

  advanced diseases 病沉重期,晚期疾病

  chronic diseases慢性病

  communicable diseases 傳染病

  complicating diseases 并發(fā)病

  congenital diseases 先天性疾病

  acquired diseases 后天性疾病

  contagious diseases接觸性傳染病

  endemic diseases 地方病

  epidemic diseases 流行病

  functional diseases 機能病、官能病

  primary(principal)diseases原發(fā)(主導)病

  secondary diseases 繼發(fā)病

  sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病

  terminal diseases 絕癥

  wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主訴

  clinical manifestation 臨床表現(xiàn)

  delivery history 分娩史

  etiology病因學

  family history 家族史

  history, medical history 病史

  precipitating(induced)誘因

  marital status婚姻狀況

  menstrual history 月經(jīng)史

  menarche 初潮

  menopause閉經(jīng)

  past history既往史

  pathogenesis 發(fā)病機制

  personal history 個人史symptoms 癥狀

  cardinal symptom 主要癥狀

  classical symptom 典型癥狀

  concomitant symptom 伴發(fā)癥狀

  constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀

  indirect symptom 間接癥狀

  induced symptom 誘發(fā)癥狀

  local symptom 局部癥狀

  mental symptom精神癥狀

  symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥,癥候群

  signs體征

  antecedent 前驅征

  assident (accessory) 副征

  commemorative 后遺癥

  sign of death 死征

  diagnostic診斷征

  sign of disease 病征

  subjective 自覺征,主觀征

  vein sign靜脈征vital sign 生命體征

  body length (height of the body) 身高

  body weight 體重

  barrel chest 桶狀胸

  cachexia 惡病質

  compulsive position 被動體位

  critical facies 病危面容

  emaciation 消瘦

  enophthalmos 眼球下陷

  entropion 瞼內(nèi)翻

  exophthalmos 眼球突出

  flushed face 面色潮紅

  gain (loss) in weight 增加(減輕)體重

  lock-jaw 牙關緊閉

  lordosis 脊柱前凸

  nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇動

  nystagmus 眼震

  obesity 肥胖

  pallor 蒼白

  scolisis 脊柱側凸

  agitation 焦急不安

  debility, weakness 虛弱

  diaphoresis 出汗,大量出汗

  dizziness, vertigo 眩暈

  lassitude, fatigue 無力,倦怠

  malaise 不適

  night sweat 盜汗

  numbness 麻木

  rigor, chill 寒冷,發(fā)冷

  perspiration, sweating 出汗

  pruritus, itching 癢,

  somasthenia 軀體無力

  tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫

  acidosis 酸中毒

  adhesion 粘連

  alkalosis 堿中毒

  allergy 過敏

  coagulation defect 凝血不良

  congestion 充血

  dehydration 脫水

  distention 膨脹

  edema 水腫

  embolism 栓塞,栓塞形成

  fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質紊亂

  gangrene 壞疽

  hematoma 血腫

  hemorrhage, bleeding 出血

  infarction 梗塞,梗死

  infection 傳染

  inflammation 炎癥

  ketoacidosis 酮酸中毒

  metastasis 轉移

  perforation 穿孔

  necrosis 壞死

  shock 休克

  response 反應,應答

  reaction 反應,感應

  thrombosis 血栓形成

  ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發(fā)燒,發(fā)熱

  continuous fever 稽留熱

  intermittent fever 間歇熱

  low-grade fever 低熱

  remittent fever 馳張熱

  relapsing fever 回歸熱pain 痛

  burning pain 灼痛

  chest(flank,…) pain 胸(脅腹…)痛

  cramp-like pain 痙攣性痛

  dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛

  pleuritic pain 胸膜炎性痛

  radiating pain (pain radiating to…) 放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina 絞痛

  cardiac angina 心絞痛

  backache 背痛

  colic 絞痛,急腹痛

  earache 耳痛

  headache 頭痛

  neuralgia 神經(jīng)痛

  migraine 偏頭痛

  rebound tenderness 反跳痛

  somatalgia 軀體痛

  sore throat 咽喉痛

  stomachache 胃痛

  toothache 牙痛

  bloody sputum 帶血的痰

  cough 咳嗽

  dry cough 干咳

  expectoration 咳痰

  expectoration of blood 咳血

  hemoptysis 咳血anoxia 缺氧

  apnea 呼吸暫停,窒息

  asthma 氣喘,哮喘

  Cheyne Stokes respiration 切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸

  dyspnea 呼吸困難

  hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸,換氣過度

  hypopnea 呼吸不全, 呼吸淺表

  hypoxia 低氧,缺氧

  orthopnea 端坐呼吸

  respiratory arrest 呼吸停止

  suffocation 窒息

  tachypnea 呼吸急促

  fetid breath 口臭

  fruity breath 呼吸有水果味arrhythmia 心律失常,心律不齊

  atelectasis 肺不張,肺膨脹不全

  cardiac arrest 心搏驟停

  cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大

  cyanosis 發(fā)紺,青紫

  distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張

  extrasystole 期外收縮

  gallop rhythm 奔馬律

  hemopleura 血胸

  hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流

  hypovolemia (循環(huán))血容量減少

  palpitation 心悸

  tachycardia 心動過速

  pneumothorax 氣胸

  thrill 震顫

  absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失

  dull sound 濁音

  hyperresonant 鼓音

  rale 啰音

  rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音,干啰音

  wheeze 哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振,厭食

  dysphagia 吞咽困難

  eructation 噯氣

  belching 噯氣

  flatulence 氣脹

  flatus 腸胃氣,屁

  gaseous distention 胃脹氣

  hematemesis 嘔血

  hiccough, hiccup 打呃,呃逆

  nausea 惡心

  pyrosis 胃灼熱

  regurgitation 反胃,回流

  thirsty 口渴

  vomiting 嘔吐

  anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂

  ascites 腹水

  board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹

  decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱

  exophageal varices 食管靜脈曲張

  fistula 瘺,瘺管

  hemorrhoid 痔

  hernia 疝

  hepatomegaly 肝腫大

  intussusception 腸套疊

  jaundice 黃疸

  muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁肌衛(wèi)

  peristalsis 蠕動

  loss of peristalsis 蠕動消失

  mass peristalsis 總蠕動

  retrograde (reversed) peristalsis 逆蠕動

  prolapse 脫垂

  prolapse of anus 脫肛

  rectal prolapse 直腸脫垂,脫肛

  volvulus 腸扭轉calculus 結石, 石

  biliary calculus 膽結石

  vesical calculus 膀胱結石constipation 便秘

  defecation 排便

  diarrhea 腹瀉

  incontinence of feces 大便失禁

  hematochezia 便血

  fecal impaction 大便嵌塞

  occult blood 潛血

  painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牽動

  clay colored stools 陶土色便

  dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡樣嘔吐物

  fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 嘔糞,吐糞

  foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 惡臭脂肪便,脂肪痢

  scanty and hard stools 便少而硬

  tarry (black) stools 柏油樣便anuria 無尿

  burning sensation no urination 排尿時的灼燒感

  dysurea 排尿困難,尿痛

  enuresis, bed wetting 遺尿

  frequency of urination 尿頻

  micturation 排尿

  uresis, urination, voiding 排尿

  nocturia 夜尿

  oliguria 少尿

  polyuria 多尿

  tenesmus 里急后重

  vesical tenesmus 排尿時里急后重

  uremia coma 尿毒癥昏迷

  urgency of urination 尿急

  urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿

  chyluria 乳糜尿

  cylindruia 管型尿

  glycosuria 糖尿

  hematuria 血尿

  ketonuria 酮尿

  pneumatinuria 氣尿

  proteinuria 蛋白尿

  pyuria 膿尿amenorrhea 經(jīng)閉,無月經(jīng)

  dysmenorrhea 痛經(jīng)

  menorrhagia 月經(jīng)過多

  lochia 惡露

  menorrhea 行經(jīng),月經(jīng)過多

  menstruation 月經(jīng)

  uterine contraction 子宮收縮blotch 斑點

  bruise 挫傷,青腫

  acne 痤瘡,粉刺

  desquamation 脫皮,脫屑

  ecchymosis 瘀斑

  loss of skin turgor 失去皮膚充盈

  nevus 痣

  papule 丘疹

  petechia 瘀點,瘀斑

  pigmentation 色素沉著

  pustule 膿皰

  purpura 紫癲

  red nodule 紅結節(jié)

  roseola 玫瑰疹

  scar 傷疤

  senile plaque 老人斑

  spider anaioma 蛛形痣

  subcutaneous nodule 皮下結節(jié)

  urticaria 蕁麻疹

  vesicle 小水皰

  vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明

  blurred vision, visual disturbance 視力模糊

  impaired vision 視力下降

  lacrimation 流淚

  papilledema 視神經(jīng)乳頭水腫

  photophobia 畏光,羞明

  retinal detachment 視網(wǎng)膜脫離deafness 聾

  hearing loss 聽力喪失

  tinnitus 耳鳴

  epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血

  impaired smelling 嗅覺障礙

  nasal discharge 鼻涕

  nasal obstruction 鼻塞

  sneeze 噴嚏

  snore 打鼾

  aphonia, loss of voice 失音癥

  hoarseness 嘶啞

  gum bleeding 齒齦出血

  herpes labialis 唇皰疹,感冒瘡

  Koplik"s spots 科普利克斑

  lead line of the gum 齦鉛線

  salivation, drooling 流口水

  straw-berry tongue 草莓舌

  tremulous tongue 舌震顫atrophy 萎縮

  contracture 攣縮

  deformity 畸形,變形

  dislocation 脫位

  fracture 骨折

  closed (simple)fracture 無創(chuàng)骨折,單純性骨折

  comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨折

  compound fracture 哆開(開放性)骨折

  knock-knee 膝外翻

  opisthotonos 角弓反張

  prosthesis 假體

  spasm 痙攣

  tetany (肌)強直,手足抽搦

  wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失語

  ataxia 共濟失調(diào)

  coma 昏迷

  consciousness 知覺,意識

  convulsion 抽搐,驚厥

  delirium 譫妄

  delusion 妄想

  faint 昏厥

  hallucination 幻覺

  hemiplegia 偏癱

  increased intracranial pressure 顱內(nèi)壓增高

  insanity 精神錯亂

  loss of orientation 定向喪失

  mania 躁狂

  memory defects, amnesia 記憶缺損,遺忘癥

  paraplegia 截癱,下身麻痹

  projectile vomiting 噴射性嘔吐

  somnolence, (lethargy) 昏睡,嗜睡

  stupor 木僵,昏呆

  tetraplegia 四肢癱瘓

  unconsciousness 失去知覺

  yawning 打哈欠crisis 危象

  cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ……) crisis

  腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒…)危象

  failure 衰竭,故障

  central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure

  中樞(循環(huán)、心力、心肌、周圍循環(huán)、充血性、腎、呼吸…)衰竭diagnosis診斷

  auscultation 聽診

  inspection 視診

  palpation觸診

  percussion 叩診

  laboratory examination 實驗室檢查

  physical examination 體格檢查

  rectal (vaginal) touch 直腸(陰道)指診

  impression 印象

  tentative diagnosis 暫定診斷

  differential diagnosis 鑒別診斷

  final diagnosis 最后診斷

  prognosis 預后

  prescription 處方

  incubation (latent) period 潛伏期

  prodromal stage 前驅期

  incipient stage 初期

  quiescent stage 靜止期

  alleviation 減輕,緩和

  remission 緩解

  attack 發(fā)作

  convalescence (recovery) stage 恢復期

  rehabilitation 康復

  relapse 復發(fā)

  sudden death 猝死

  moribund 瀕死的

  course of the disease 病程

  course of the treatment 療程

  indication 適應癥,指征

  complication 并發(fā)癥

  contraindication 禁忌癥

  side-effect 副作用

  sequel (sequela), after effect 后遺癥

  therapies 治療方法

  acupuncture therapy 針刺療法

  block therapy 封閉療法

  chemical therpy (chemo-therapy) 化學療法

  combined therapy 綜合療法

  conservative therapy 保守療法

  constitutional therapy 全身療法

  dietetic therapy 飲食療法

  operative treatment 手術療法

  palliative treatment, alleviative treatment 姑息療法

  physical therapy 物理療法

  psychotherapy 精神療法

  radical treatment 根治

  radio-therapy 放射性療法

  supporting treatment 支持療法

  symptomatic treatment對癥療法

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